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The ''City of San Francisco'' was a streamlined through passenger train which ran from 1936 to 1971 on the Overland Route between Chicago, Illinois and Oakland, California, with a ferry connection on to San Francisco. It was owned and operated jointly by the Chicago and North Western Railway (1936–55), Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (1955-71), the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. It provided premium extra fare service from Chicago to San Francisco when introduced in 1936 of 39 hr 45 min each way. At 9:33 on the evening of August 12, 1939, the westbound ''City of San Francisco'' (TR 101) derailed while crossing bridge #4 in Nevada's Humboldt River canyon 40 miles west of Elko between the towns of Harney and Palisade killing 24 and injuring 121. The wreck appeared to have been caused by sabotage, but despite a major manhunt, offers of reward, and years of investigation by SP,〔DeNevi, Don. "Tragic Train: The City of San Francisco -- The Development and Historic Wreck of a Streamliner." (1979) Superior Publishing. ISBN 0875645259.〕 the case remains unsolved.〔http://www2.gbcnv.edu/howh/CitySF.html〕 Competing streamlined passenger trains were, starting in 1949, the ''California Zephyr'' on the Western Pacific, Denver and Rio Grande Western, and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroads, and starting in 1954, the ''San Francisco Chief'' on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. As with the ''City of Los Angeles'', many of the train's cars bore the names of locales around its namesake city, including ''Mission Dolores'', the nickname given to San Francisco's Mission San Francisco de Asís. The ''City of San Francisco'' is remembered for the blizzard in the Sierra Nevada that trapped the train for six days in January 1952 at 17 miles (27 km) west of Donner Pass at Yuba Pass on Track #1 adjacent to Tunnel 35 (on Track #2), at about MP 176.5. Snowdrifts from 100 mph (160 km/h) winds blocked the train burying it in 12 feet of snow and stranding it from January 13 to 19. The event made international headlines. In the effort to reach the train, the railroad's snow-clearing equipment and snow-blowing rotary plows became frozen to the tracks near Emigrant Gap. Hundreds of workers and volunteers, including Georg Gärtner, using snowplows, tractors and manpower came to the rescue by clearing nearby Highway 40 to reach the train. The 196 passengers and 20 crewmembers were evacuated within 72 hours, on foot to vehicles that carried them the few highway miles to Nyack Lodge. The train itself was extricated three days later on January 19.〔Bull, Howard W. (''The Case of the Stranded Streamliner" The rescue of SP's snowbound "City of San Francisco"at Yuba Pass, January 13-19, 1952'' ). ''Trains & Travel'' (magazine), Vol 13, #3, January, 1953. CPRR.org〕 In October 1955 the Milwaukee Road replaced the Chicago and North Western between Chicago and Omaha; in 1960 the ''City of San Francisco'' was combined with the ''City of Los Angeles'' east of Ogden. A May 1969 timetable is available online.〔http://www.streamlinerschedules.com/concourse/track8/citysanfran196906.html〕 ==Timeline and equipment consists== * June 14, 1936: The ''City of San Francisco'' (TR 101-102) made its inaugural run between Chicago and Oakland/San Francisco as streamline through service. It operated with a dedicated Pullman-built 11-car articulated lightweight streamline consist made up of a set of two 1,200 h.p. diesel-electric power unit cars (M-10004A/B), a baggage-mail car, a baggage-dormatory-kitchen car, a diner-lounge car, four named sleeper cars, a 48-seat chair car, and a 38-seat coach-buffet-blind end observation car.〔Wayner, Robert J. "Car Names, Numbers and Consists". New York: Wayner Publications (1972) p. 142〕〔(M-10004 CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO ) ''The Coach Yard.com''〕〔Schafer, Mike; Joe Welsh (1997). ''Classic American Streamliners''. Osceola, WI: MotorBooks International p. 17〕〔Heath, Erle ''Seventy-Five Years of Progress: Historical Sketch of the Southern Pacific'' (1945) San Francisco: Southern Pacific Railroad. pp.38-39〕〔Strack, Don ("Diesels of the Union Pacific, 1934-1982, The Classic Era, Volume 1" ) Halifax, Pa.: Withers Publishing Co. (1999)〕〔A railroad train "consist" is defined by 49 CFR §210.7 as "one or more locomotives coupled to a rail car or rail cars." Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration. ''Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Parts 200 to 299, Transportation''. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office (2005), p. 59〕 * January 2, 1938: The ''City's'' original train set was replaced with an all new quarter-mile (1,292-foot) long, semi-articulated 17-car lightweight streamline consist made up of one EMC-E2A an two EMC-E2B 1,800 h.p. diesel-electric power unit cars (SF 1-2-3) built by the Electro-Motive Corporation (now EMD), and 14 aluminum-alloy girder-type Pullman-built cars consisting of an auxiliary power-baggage-dormitory car, a 54-seat chair car, a 32-seat coffee shop-kitchen car, a 72-seat diner, a dormitory-buffet-lounge car, eight named sleeper cars, and an 84-foot 6-inch buffet-lounge-observation car (''NOB HILL'') said to be the "longest passenger car built in the United States" to that time.〔DeNevi 1977 pp. 9-13〕〔Wayner 1972 p. 139, 150〕〔("Southern Pacific Passenger Trains: The City of San Francisco" ) Espee.Railfan.net〕 :While costing over $2,000,000 to build, operating costs (fuel, crew, etc) for the train were less than two cents per passenger-mile.〔DeNevi 1977 p. 15〕 The extra fare on the ''City'' over the full run was $15 for open section Pullman accommodations, $5 in the chair car, and $22.50 for a roomette.〔DeNevi 1977 p. 15〕 After both the original and new train sets made a joint run from Oakland to Chicago on the that date, the older 11-car consist was shopped for a seven-month rebuild and then used variously over the next decade as the ''City of Los Angeles'', ''City of Denver'', and ''City of Portland'' before being withdrawn from service in the spring of 1948 and eventually scrapped.〔Heath 1945 p. 39〕〔Wayner 1972 pp. 142-44〕 :The new and subsequent ''City of San Francisco'' train sets were jointly owned by the C&NW, UP and SP with the exception of the sleepers which were Pullman-owned until 1945 when two of those cars were acquired by the C&NW and a dozen by the UP.〔''The Official Guide of the Railways and Steam Navigation Lines of the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico and Cuba'', Volume 70, Issue 8 (1938). New York: National Railway Publication Company, p. 39〕〔"Railway Age" Vol. 111 (1941). New York: Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation. p. 305〕〔Wayner 1972 p. 152-53〕 The new train was capable of speeds up to 110 miles an hour and accommodated 222 passengers.〔"NEW STREAMLINER FOR S.F.-CHICAGO RUN". San Francisco: Southern Pacific News Bureau. January 17, 1938〕 Sleeping car space was double that of conventional trains with 168 berths compared to 84 while chair car space was increased to 54.〔DeNevi 1977 p. 15〕 The new ''City'' consist had 60 compartments, drawing rooms, bedrooms, and "roomettes" instead of the regular nine for a larger variety of sleeping accommodations to choose from than on any train in America.〔DeNevi 1977 p. 15〕 Among the premium services provided on the train were stewardess-nurses, a barber shop, a shower bath, and an internal telephone system. All regularly assigned cars were also air-conditioned.〔Dubin, Arthur D. (1964) ''Some Classic Trains''. Milwaukee: Kalmbach Books. pp. 186-189〕 Frequency remained at five trips per month each way. * August 12, 1939: Sabotaged track sent the ''City of San Francisco'' flying off a bridge in the Nevada desert. Two dozen passengers and crew members were killed with many more injured.〔Haine, Col. Edgar A. "Train Wrecks". Cranbury, NJ: Cornwall Books (1994) p. 107〕 Five cars were destroyed and written off: SF 601 ''PRESIDIO'' (32-seat coffee shop-kitchen car), SF-602 ''MISSION DELORES'' (72-seat diner), SF-701 ''EMBARCADERO'' (dormitory-buffet-lounge car), and two sleepers, ''TWIN PEAKS'' and ''CHINATOWN''.〔Wayner 1972 p. 150〕 * July 26, 1941: A second set of equipment entered service allowing departures ten times per month each way. The added service replaced the short-lived steam powered Pullman-built mostly heavyweight (steel) streamline ''Forty-Niner'' that had operated an almost ten-hour slower 49-hour run five times a month between Chicago and San Francisco from July 8, 1937 to July 27, 1941.〔Heath 1945 p. 39〕〔Wayner 1972 p. 150〕 Under an order of the War Production Board, no new head-end or passenger cars of any type (other than "military sleepers") were built and delivered to US railroads from mid 1942 until late 1945.〔"RAILROADS: The U.P. Trail" (cover story). ''TIME'' (Magazine), July 30, 1945〕 * 1942-46 Wartime Service : The lounge-observation car ''NOB HILL'' and lounge-buffet car ''MARINA'' were removed from the consists of the ''City of San Francisco's'' two train sets and placed in storage during WWII in compliance with a General Order of the Office of Defense Transportation (ODT) banning the carriage of strictly luxury "feature" cars, in which no passenger transportation space could not be sold. Those cars were replaced with sleepers.〔Wayner 1972 p. 157〕〔(President Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Executive Order 8989 Establishing the Office of Defense Transportation", December 18, 1941 ) The American Presidency Project, University of California, Santa Barbara〕〔Eastman, Joseph B. "The Office of Defense Transportation" ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 230, Transportation: War and Postwar (Nov., 1943), pp. 1-4〕 * October 1, 1946: Service was increased to thrice weekly departures from both Chicago and San Francisco made every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday evening.〔1942 Annual Report, The Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company, p. 7〕 * September 1, 1947: The ''City'' became daily with the creation of additional train sets to support seven-day-a-week operation in both directions of its 39-and-a-half-hour service thus finally relegating the long-standing (since 1887) ''Overland'' to a secondary, no longer "Limited" train in providing daily service between Chicago and Oakland/San Francisco on the Overland Route.〔Beebe, Lucius Morris ''The Overland Limited''. Berkeley, CA: Howell-North Books (1963) p. 50.〕〔Heath 1945 p. 39〕 A fifth consist made possible by the deliveries of new post war cars was added to the ''City of San Francisco'' in 1950.〔Wayner 1972 p. 163〕 * January 13, 1952: The westbound ''City of San Francisco'' was (caught in a blizzard ) in the Sierras at Yuba Pass where the train set remained stranded until January 19. The incident was one inspiration for Railway series book, ''The Twin Engines''. * October 30, 1955: The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (The Milwaukee Road) replaced the Chicago and North Western between Chicago and Omaha.〔("Now ... Service to all the West" ). ''The Milwaukee Road Magazine'', Vol. 43, No. 7. October, 1955. pp. 4-6〕 * July 16, 1962: The SP's ''San Francisco Overland'' (TR 27-28) ended its long run as a separate San Francisco/Oakland to Ogden year-round daily train when that service was consolidated with the ''City of San Francisco'' except for occasional summer and holiday seasonal extra section runs of the ''Overland'' which service ended on January 2, 1964.〔ICC Financial Docket No. 21946 (Filed February 5, 1962, decided July 6, 1962, served July 16, 1962)〕〔(Southern Pacific ''Overland Route'' Time Tables (Form 4 )), July 16, 1962〕 * May 1, 1971: Operation of the ''City of San Francisco'' was discontinued by the MILW-UP-SP when Amtrak took over all long-distance inter city passenger operations in the United States although Amtrak retained the name for the thrice-weekly Denver-San Francisco/Oakland portion of the run until June, 1972 when the entire Chicago-San Francisco/Oakland route became daily again as the ''San Francisco Zephyr.''〔("San Francisco Zephyr route guide, 1975." ) Amtrak A History of America's Railroad. http://history.amtrak.com〕 Amtrak replaced its service between Chicago and San Francisco/Oakland on July 16, 1983 with its current daily train, the ''California Zephyr'', when a portion of the route was moved from UP tracks in Wyoming to those of the Denver Rio Grande Western in Colorado. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「City of San Francisco (train)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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